Rosgeologia’s seismic surveys and other related work since the 70s to now indicate that there is at least 513 billion barrels of oil and gas equivalent in Antarctica, and Moscow has now set its sights on the world’s most underexplored continent
Given the march that it has stolen on everyone else in the exploration and development of oil and gas resources in the Arctic region, it should come as little surprise to anyone who knows anything of the ruthless single-mindedness of Moscow that moves are afoot to do exactly the same thing at the other end of the world, Antarctica. According to an announcement in the last week, Russia’s state-run geological survey firm, Rosgeologia, undertook a major new seismic survey in the Riiser-Larsen Sea, off the coast of Antarctica’s Queen Maud Land earlier this year. Moreover, Rosgeologia stated unequivocally that it did this 4.400 kilometre survey - the first seismic survey done in the area by Russia since the late 1990s – with the express purpose of ‘assessing the offshore oil and gas potential of the area using the latest technology’.
Amusingly, in a wry chuckle sort of a way for those who have had any serious dealings with Russia under President Vladimir Putin, there are those who cite all sorts of reasons why such plans cannot go ahead at least for the next few years. Presumably these people were asleep when Russia rolled into Crimea, or Georgia, or unilaterally managed to engineer a change in the status of the Caspian from a lake to a sea in order to swindle Iran out of trillions of dollars of revenue, and probably believe that wolverines make good house pets as well. Nonetheless, these innocents cite the 1959 Antarctic Treaty (signed by 53 separate countries) which, unlike the treaties governing the Arctic (which allow for hydrocarbons exploration and development), supposedly protect the Antarctic’s mineral resources in general, including potential oil and gas sites in particular. Related: Saudi Arabia’s Oil War Could Bankrupt The Kingdom
According to the Treaty, the seven countries with a specific claim in Antarctica – Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, the U.K., (not Russia, it should be noted) – are limited to just non-military scientific research in the region. Russia (and the U.S.), have nonetheless constructed research facilities within the areas claimed by these other countries (Russia’s is in Norway’s claim). It is true that a number of these countries have more than likely been conducting clandestine analysis of their claims for the purposes of ascertaining the more valuable resources – such as oil and gas – that lie within their regions but not one of them has ever stated in such an in-your-face fashion that they are looking for oil and gas deposits for future development, aside from Russia. Theoretically, the ban on mineral activity in the Antarctic next comes up for possible renewal only in 2048, however, given what Rosgeologia has found so far, Russia may decide to unilaterally bring this date forward by around 28 years or whatever is most convenient for it.
According to Rosgeologia’s seismic surveys and other related work since the 1970s to now, there is at least 513 billion barrels of oil and gas equivalent in Antarctica, although it is unclear as yet from the company whether this relates to the entire region or just the area that it has specifically surveyed so far. Although it is believed by the innocents that no extensive testing specific to revealing oil and gas volumes has been done – that is the official line from all countries on this – the limited tests that have been done that would reveal this have shown huge potential. Moreover, according to a number of senior oil and gas industry sources spoken to by OilPrice.com last week – including in Moscow – the Russians: “Have good cause to believe that there are huge oil and gas reserves not just in the area they tested earlier this year [in the Riiser-Larsen Sea and across much of Queen Maud Land] but across the entire region [Antarctica],” according to one of them. Related: OPEC+ Scraps Meeting As Oil War Heats Up
There is a vast difference, of course, between the total resources in place and the recovery rate from such a challenging environment but that has never stood in Russia’s way before, especially when it factors in all of the other mineable and extremely valuable minerals that may also be there, if results from the Arctic is anything to go by. These might well include gold, silver, diamonds, copper, titanium, uranium, and rare earth elements. Moreover, Russia has been at the forefront of these Arctic explorations – with huge success – ever since, including famously pitching its flag on the seabed under the Arctic in 2009. Since then, state-run behemoths, Rosneft, Gazprom Neft, and slick Western-style Novatek, have been at the forefront of all Arctic operations, with hundreds of billions of current and potential projects in view. The objective remains for offshore Arctic oil to account for 20-30 per cent of all Russian production by 2050.
Given the increasing instances of Russia working with China to achieve broader financial-geopolitical outcomes, China’s growing presence in the Antarctic play is not surprising either. This is a natural extension to China’s unveiling in 2018 its first official Arctic policy white paper in which it said that it would encourage enterprises to build infrastructure and conduct commercial trial voyages, paving the way for Arctic shipping routes that would form a ‘Polar Silk Road’. This followed China becoming an ‘observer member’ of the Arctic Council in 2013. Even before that, though, China had been building new ‘scientific research stations’ in the Antarctic since 1983 – the point at which it, ominously for everyone, signed the aforementioned 1959 Antarctic Treaty. In this context, China commissioned the first of its new range of ice-breaker vessels at the beginning of 2016 – the Haibing 722 – which is eminently capable of withstanding the Force 12 winds found in the Southern Ocean and beyond, has a range of 7,000 miles, and has a landing pad suitable for big transport helicopters.
By Simon Watkins for Oilprice.com
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To that end President Putin has spared no money in supporting Russian oil and gas companies’ exploration in the Arctic and also the development of a home-grown Arctic exploration technology. He will certainly apply the same rigour in Antarctica.
Russia is reported to have more than $8 trillion worth of untapped oil and gas in its sector of the Arctic. This will enable Russia to add more than 1.5 million barrels of oil a day (mbd) to its current oil production of 11.23 mbd in a few years’ time.
Moreover, the development of the Russian Far East and the Arctic is of paramount importance for Russia’s economy. The Arctic currently accounts for only 10% of Russia’s GDP when this figure could more than double in a few years with the development of its hydrocarbons and other natural resources. An extensive development could also help populate the Arctic which currently accounts for only 1.5% of total Russian population. It could also create numerous large mega-projects ranging from the building of ports to the exploration of large deposits of platinum and other metals and the creation of a full-cycle lumber/timber-producing complex. These and hundreds of smaller commercial initiatives (to become fully operable within the next 15 years) are expected to result in the creation of 200,000 additional jobs in the region and make the Arctic attractive to Russian youth and young specialists.
Russia is investing heavily in the so-called Northern Sea Route, intended not only to give it access to Arctic natural resources, but also to provide a maritime corridor for Chinese goods traveling to the European Union (EU). Russia aims to bolster its role as the main transportation artery between the two—both on land and by sea. This is helping attract Chinese investment to the Arctic. As a matter of fact, Russia is the largest recipient of Chinese investments under China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
Dr Mamdouh G Salameh
International Oil Economist
Visiting Professor of Energy Economics at ESCP Europe Business School, London
Probably best to move away from oil dependency and instead grow-your-own energy, at home.
Burning oil has a lot of different consequences, all up and down the line from extraction to what happens to oil and the byproducts of burning oil.
This is terrible news, is no part of the planet sacrosanct? I can only hope that the extreme harshness of the Antartic environment and the difficulty of logistics will preclude any exploitation of it's natural resources.
The treaty itself should be a guarantee, however Russia and China have always shown a willingness to break treaties when it suits them.
Furthermore, what would happen in the case of major oil spillage like the Deepwater Horizon happening in Antartica? The environmental devastation would be off the scale with no hope of a clean up.
This whole adventure should be nipped in the bud.
Are you for real?
How many people per project?
WTF!
Picture is from Cook Inlet Alaska.