It is has now been confirmed. The first measured 24 hour production from Bakken wells is a very good predictor of the future production of that well. And it has also been confirmed that new wells with higher well numbers are producing a lot less.
In the NDIC's Daily Activity Reports they publish "WELLS RELEASED FROM "TIGHT HOLE" STATUS" as well as "PRODUCING WELL COMPLETED". By searching these two lists, then eliminating the duplicates that appear on both lists, we find that perhaps 70 to 80 percent of all wells report their first 24 hours of measured production. It is listed as "BOPD" (Barrels Oil Per Day) and "BWPD" (Barrels Water Per Day). An example below, and notice the second well listed does not give any production numbers:
The "per day" in this case is the first 24 hours of measured production and not necessarily the first 24 hours of production. I have collected, from this source, the data from 2,565 wells dating from November 1st 2013 to the present date. Enno Peters gathered data from several thousand Bakken wells dating from the early Bakken to mid-2014. Using the well numbers, I have managed to match 1,127 wells in my database with the same well number in Enno's data. There were more matches than this but they had either no data or incomplete data. But it was mostly because only a little over half my data overlapped his.
From his data I used the 2nd and 3rd months' production data because the first month's data was often for less than one full month. I converted his monthly data to barrels per day by dividing the monthly data by 30.417. There were sometimes great anomalies in the data so to smooth things out; on the first three charts below, I used a 50 well average. Here are the results. The horizontal and right axis is first 24 hour barrels. The "First 24hr Barrels" is a smooth line because that was the sort column.
When I sorted the data by production in the first 24 hours I found a strong correlation with the second month's production. This was especially true with first 24 hour production up to 1,050 barrels. The "First 24hr Barrels" chart line is smooth of course because that is the sort index.
Sorting all wells by the second month's production we see a very strong correlation to the first 24 hours of measured production.
The Horizontal axis here is the first measured 24 hours of production. The vertical axis is the divisor needed to convert the first 24 hours production to second month barrels per day.
Related: Texas Railroad Commission October Oil & Gas Report
From this chart you can see that the conversion from the first 24 hour production to the second month's production is non-linear. For instance if the first 24 hours' production was between 50 and 1050 barrels then we could expect the second months production to be about half that. From about 1350 barrels to 1600 barrels the first 24 hours then the average second months production would be about one third that number. Or if the from 1700 to 2200 barrels the first 24 hours we could expect the second months production to be about one fourth that number.
The average second month's production was 412 barrels per day while the average third month's production was 328 barrels per day. This is a drop of 84 BP/D or 20 percent from the second to third months.
Enno's data ends mid-2014. However I collected some data of my own from July and August 2014. If you go to NDIC Oil and Gas Production Report, you find data on all wells previously brought on line. Of the 1,127 wells in this sample, 87 or 7.7% had no third month production. Probably because they had not on been line long enough. Also 16 or 1.4% had a third month's production but no second month's production. This means the well was shut down that month. For all months with no production that cell was left blank rather than inserting a zero. Therefore months with no production were not counted in any average. Blanks are not averaged, zeros are.
Enno's data ends mid-2014. However I collected some data of my own from July and August 2014. If you go to NDIC Oil and Gas Production Report, you find data on all wells previously brought on line. The data is in this format:
If you divide "Oil" by "Days" you get barrels per day for what I presume is the first month. I collected data on 332 from this source that match well numbers from my "first 24 hour" data base from July and August 2014. This was a very time consuming process since each well number had to be searched then copied and pasted into my Excel spreadsheet, one well at a time.
The right axis as well as the horizontal axis is the 24 hour barrels sort number. The left axis is barrels per day. One can clearly see that the higher the 1st measured 24 hour production the higher the daily production for the next full, or nearly full, month. We can now say, with very strong conviction, that the first 24 hours of measured production will tell us just how well that particular well is likely to perform in the future.
I think this leaves little doubt that the BOPD number that the NDIC reports in their Daily Activity Report Index is a very good guide to what kind of future production we can expect from any particular well. However I must make one important point that I should have made a month ago when I first posted on "The First 24 Hours of Production"
I can find nothing that specifically states that the figure represented as "BOPD" above actually represents the first 24 hours of production. What I do know is that it is the first 24 hours of measured production. I think it is highly likely that they waited until a lot of the frack water had been pushed out before they started to measure. At any rate, based on the data I have researched above, it is definitely a useful guide to the future production of a particular well.
Now that the connection has been firmly established, let's look at what that data is telling us.
This chart is all the wells listed by the NDIC with actual BOPD data from November 1st, 2013 through December 19th, 2014. There are 2,565 wells in this sample. Of course there were a few more wells than this but their first 24 hours of production was not published by the NDIC. What you see here is clearly the first 24 hours of production declining as the well numbers increase. However the decrease did not start until we were about half way through well numbers in the 25,000s.
First 24hr production was up and down until about well number 25600 then a steady decline set in. The highest 300 well numbers are averaging just under 1,000 barrels the first 24 hours. That translates to just under 300 bpd the second month if past first barrels at that level hold true in the future.
This chart shows the average first barrels per day for groups of well numbers. Below is the data for that chart along with the number of wells in each sample.
Wells in the 24000s were averaging 1,402 barrels of original production. The 28000 wells are averaging only 908 barrels the first 24 hours of measured production. That is a drop of over 35 percent. However there are only 85 wells with well numbers over 28000.
There are still some wells being drilled with low well numbers. Two wells are currently being drilled that are in the 21000s. And 27 wells are currently being drilled below the 27000s or below. But 153 of the 180 wells being drilled, (181 if you count the salt water disposal well), or 85 percent of wells being drilled are in the 28000s or above. 105 of 180 wells are in the 29000 or above. 3 are in the 30000s.
Related: Bakken and North Dakota Production Report
Where in the past, though some wells with numbers above 27000 were being drilled, the majority of wells were below that number. Therefore no obvious decline in monthly well production could be gleaned from the numbers. Only when the wells are sorted by well number does the decline become apparent. But that is all about to change because most of the choicest places have already been drilled.
It is important to remember that wells are not drilled in permit number sequence. There are always far more permits issued and awaiting the driller than wells being drilled.
It is unclear, to me anyway, whether the lower production per well is because of downspacing, moving further away from the sweet spots, or both. But it is clearly happening. Newer wells, or at least those with higher permit numbers, are definitely coming in with lower production numbers.
In 2015 we will see the squeeze coming in from two sides, fewer wells being drilled and lower production from those that are being drilled. It is my prediction that the Bakken will peak in 2015. In which month it will peak is hard to guess.
But there is a third squeeze, from another side. The junk bonds that many small shale drillers depend on for their financing are dropping through the floor. That means yields are going through the roof.
By Ron Patterson
Source - http://peakoilbarrel.com/
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Ron Patterson is a retired computer engineer. He worked in Saudi Arabia for five years, two years at the Ghazlan Power Plant near Ras Tanura… More
Comments
I would not be surprised to see wells placed between or near existing wells to have lower production from underground migration and pressure changes.
On a different note, it would be interesting to look at a 'life cycle' for the Bakken shale based on early drilling through to maturity, peak production and (likely) tapering - if a model could be created and validated, it could be applied to other formations to suggest their longevity or lack there of.
Personally, I don't believe the claims that the shales will produce at high levels for decades; history shows that there is always a bust during oil booms - I'd like to get some warning when the next one is coming!